Christa Ludwig, a renowned interpreter of Wagner, Mozart and Strauss who starred on the world’s great stages for four decades, died at her home in Klosterneuburg, Austria. She was 93.
Her death was announced Sunday by the Vienna State Opera, which said she died Saturday.
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A mezzo-soprano who also succeeded in soprano roles, Ludwig made her Vienna State Opera debut as Cherubino in Mozart’s “Le Nozze di Figaro” on April 14, 1955, when the company was temporarily in the Redoutensaele. She was heard in the rebuilt opera house for the first time that Dec. 26 as Octavian in Strauss’ “Der Rosenkavalier.”
She sang 769 performances of 42 roles in Vienna.
“The words of the Marschallin often quoted by Christa Ludwig -- `With a light heart and light hands, hold and take, hold and let’ — which she repeatedly referred to as a personal motto, were actual and true expressions of her way of life,” Vienna State opera director Bogdan Roscic said in a statement. “She took art as seriously as one can take it seriously, subordinated her life to it, but at her own request she said goodbye to the stage `with a light hand.′ Later she was able to talk about her decades almost without melancholy, always with a pinch of irony, self-knowledge, but also without false modesty.”
Ludwig made her debut at New York’s Metropolitan Opera on Dec. 10, 1959, as Cherubino, with Erich Leinsdorf conducting a cast that included Giorgio Tozzi as Figaro, Elisabeth Söderström as Susanna, Lucine Amara as the Countess, Regina Resnik as Marcellina and Teresa Stratas as Barbarina.
“Her singing was precise and even, each tone clear and true, and her Italian rippled along like a second music,” critic Louis Biancolli wrote in The New York World-Telegram and Sun. “The ovation was fully deserved.”
She sang 119 performances of 15 roles at the Met.
“Her debut season at the Met in 59/60 was the stuff of legends when she sang Octavian, the Marschallin, Brangane, and Amneris, all within a few months of each other,” Met general manager Peter Gelb recalled in an email. "Even if most of her career was centered in Europe, she was certainly regarded by Met audiences as one of the greatest mezzos of the second half of the 20th century."
Ludwig was born in Berlin on March 16, 1928, to tenor Anton Ludwig and mezzo-soprano Eugenie Besalla-Ludwig. She grew up in Aachen, where her father was an opera administrator and as a young girl watched her mother sing with conductor Herbert Van Karajan.
She debuted in 1946 at Oper Frankfurt as Prince Orlovsky in Johann Strauss II’s “Die Fledermaus” and went on to the Staatstheater Darmstadt and Staatsoper Hannover before her breakthrough in Vienna.
Just before her first appearance at the Met, she debuted at the Lyric Opera of Chicago as Dorabella in Mozart’s “Così fan tutte” in on Nov. 9, 1959, with conductor Joseph Krips, Elisabeth Schwarzkopf as Fiordiligi, Fernando Corena as Don Alfonso and Ludwig’s husband, bass-baritone Walter Berry, as Guglielmo. In Chicago she also sang Elena in Boito’s “Mefistofele” and Preziosilla in Verdi’s La Forza del Destino.”
In the 1970s, her career was hampered when capillary veins in her throat burst.
“It was an experience necessary for my art,” she told The Associated Press in 2001. “I like to climb over obstacles, otherwise life is so boring.”
Ludwig sang her Met farewell as Fricka on April 3, 1993, and her Vienna State Opera farewell as Klytämnestra in Strauss’ “Elektra” on Dec. 14, 1994. She retired from singing while teaching occasional master classes.
“I could no longer compete with myself,” she said,
After her last performance she recalled it snowing and feeling relief.
“I went through Vienna without a shawl around my neck, with an open neck — and I was so happy!” she said.
Ludwig was married to Berry from 1957-70 and in 1972 married French actor Paul-Emile Deiber.
Her notable recordings include Fricka in “Die Walküre” on conductor Georg Solti’s landmark Decca version of Wagner’s “Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung)” and Octavian in “Rosenkavalier” with Schwarzkopf, Stich-Randall, Otto Edelmann and Karajan conducting.
She was a frequent collaborator with conductor Karl Böhm and with conductor Leonard Bernstein. She sang at Bernstein's New York Philharmonic memorial concert in 1990.
Ludwig was made an Austrian Kammersängerin in 1972, made an honorary member of the Vienna State Opera in 1981 and awarded a knight French Legion of Honor in 1989 and a commander Legion of Honor in 2010.
Berry died in 2000 and Deiber in 2011.
Ludwig is survived by a son, Wolfgang Berry, and stepson Philippe Deiber.