A continuous feeling of sadness could be just a dark mood, or it could be Persistent Depressive Disorder that lasts for a long period of time.
Persistent Depressive Disorder, or PDD, is not as severe as depression, but adults can struggle with the symptoms of it for years.
According to the Cleveland Clinic, 3% of Americans experience it at some point in their lives.
“People don’t realize sometimes that they may have it because it’s so subjective,” sad Jyoti Mishra Ramanathan, a neuroscientist at UC San Diego.
Symptoms of PDD include a sad mood, fatigue, lack of concentration, low self-esteem, trouble sleeping, and lack of appetite or overeating.
“We’re looking at your changes in mood from day to day. So you don’t just tell me how you’re feeling at this very moment,” Mishra said.
Scientists say the first step in treatment is often a prescription for anti-depressant medications.
“About 30% to 50% of people respond to the standard of care, antidepressants that are available. Other than antidepressants, there’s also psychotherapy that’s available,” Mishra said.
Health experts say making some lifestyle changes can also help. This includes eating a well-balanced diet, exercising several times a week, and limiting alcohol use.
There are also activities that can help people cope with the effects of PDD. Experts suggest going to a movie or a ballgame, spending time with friends, enjoying the outdoors, or taking a yoga class.
The Cleveland Clinic says PDD is more common in women and it can affect people at any age, including children and teens.