INSIDER
Ex-officer convicted in George Floyd's killing is moved to new prison months after stabbing
Read full article: Ex-officer convicted in George Floyd's killing is moved to new prison months after stabbingThe ex-Minneapolis police officer convicted of killing George Floyd has been transferred to a federal prison in Texas almost nine months after he was stabbed in a different facility.
1 plea, 1 alternate approach avert trial over Floyd's death
Read full article: 1 plea, 1 alternate approach avert trial over Floyd's deathAnother long and painful trial over the killing of George Floyd has been averted after one former Minneapolis police officer pleaded guilty and another agreed to let a judge decide his fate.
2 cops head to trial for aiding George Floyd's killing
Read full article: 2 cops head to trial for aiding George Floyd's killingTwo former Minneapolis police officers charged in the killing of George Floyd are heading to trial on state aiding and abetting counts in what will be the third and likely final criminal trial stemming from the Black man's death.
State, cops seek to bar evidence in trial over Floyd killing
Read full article: State, cops seek to bar evidence in trial over Floyd killingProsecutors and defense attorneys for two former Minneapolis police officers charged in the killing of George Floyd have filed more than 100 motions to limit testimony or evidence that will be allowed at trial.
Ex-cop Lane gets 3 years for role in George Floyd's death
Read full article: Ex-cop Lane gets 3 years for role in George Floyd's deathA former Minneapolis police officer who pleaded guilty to a state charge of aiding and abetting second-degree manslaughter in the killing of George Floyd has been sentenced to three years.
Chauvin moved to Arizona federal pen in George Floyd killing
Read full article: Chauvin moved to Arizona federal pen in George Floyd killingDerek Chauvin has been moved from a Minnesota state prison where he was often held in solitary confinement to a medium-security federal prison in Arizona, where the former police officer convicted in George Floyd’s killing may be held under less restrictive conditions.
Floyd family, others see inequality in penalties for ex-cops
Read full article: Floyd family, others see inequality in penalties for ex-copsThree former Minneapolis police officers went before a federal judge during the last week to be sentenced for violating George Floyd’s civil rights, and for each man, U.S. District Judge Paul Magnuson handed out penalties well below what prosecutors sought and below federal guidelines.
Ruling may mean less time for 2 who violated Floyd's rights
Read full article: Ruling may mean less time for 2 who violated Floyd's rightsA federal judge has sided with two former Minneapolis police officers convicted of violating George Floyd’s civil rights, saying the guidelines for their sentences will be calculated in a way that could mean substantially less prison time for them.
Ex-cop Lane gets 2 1/2 years for violating Floyd's rights
Read full article: Ex-cop Lane gets 2 1/2 years for violating Floyd's rightsA judge has sentenced former Minneapolis police Officer Thomas Lane to 2 1/2 years in prison on a federal civil rights charge for his role in the restraint that killed George Floyd.
Chauvin gets 21 years for violating Floyd’s civil rights
Read full article: Chauvin gets 21 years for violating Floyd’s civil rightsA federal judge on Thursday sentenced Derek Chauvin to 21 years in prison for violating George Floyd’s civil rights, telling the former Minneapolis police officer that what he did was “simply wrong” and “offensive.”.
Ex-Minneapolis officer who killed 911 caller to be released
Read full article: Ex-Minneapolis officer who killed 911 caller to be releasedThe former Minneapolis police officer who fatally shot an unarmed woman who called 911 to report a possible sexual assault behind her home in 2017 is scheduled to be released from prison next week.
Feds want 25 years for Chauvin for violating Floyd's rights
Read full article: Feds want 25 years for Chauvin for violating Floyd's rightsFederal prosecutors are asking a judge to give former Minneapolis Officer Derek Chauvin a 25-year sentence for violating the rights of George Floyd, as well as the rights of a 14-year-old Black boy who was restrained in an unrelated case.
Judge resets trial to Oct. 24 for 2 ex-cops in Floyd killing
Read full article: Judge resets trial to Oct. 24 for 2 ex-cops in Floyd killingA judge has rescheduled the state trial for two former Minneapolis police officers in George Floyd’s killing to Oct. 24 to resolve dueling requests for a new trial date.
Judge to hear requests to reset trial for 2 in Floyd killing
Read full article: Judge to hear requests to reset trial for 2 in Floyd killingMinnesota prosecutors and a defense attorney for one of two former Minneapolis police officers who still face a state trial in George Floyd’s killing have made dueling requests for a new trial date.
Judge delays trial of 2 ex-cops in Floyd killing until 2023
Read full article: Judge delays trial of 2 ex-cops in Floyd killing until 2023The judge overseeing the remaining case against two former Minneapolis police officers charged in George Floyd’s killing has ordered that the trial be delayed until January to improve prospects for a fair trial.
Minneapolis renames intersection to honor George Floyd
Read full article: Minneapolis renames intersection to honor George FloydThe intersection where George Floyd died at the hands of Minneapolis police officers was renamed in his honor, among a series of events to remember a man whose killing forced America to confront racial injustice.
Post-Floyd probe finds discrimination by Minneapolis police
Read full article: Post-Floyd probe finds discrimination by Minneapolis policeA state investigation launched after George Floyd was killed by a Minneapolis police officer has determined that the department has engaged in a pattern of race discrimination.
Trial of 3 ex-officers in Floyd death won't be livestreamed
Read full article: Trial of 3 ex-officers in Floyd death won't be livestreamedA Minnesota judge has ruled that the trial of three fired Minneapolis police officers charged with aiding and abetting George Floyd’s killing will not be livestreamed.
Plea deal rejected by 3 ex-officers in George Floyd's death
Read full article: Plea deal rejected by 3 ex-officers in George Floyd's deathProsecutors have revealed that they offered plea deals to three former Minneapolis police officers charged with aiding and abetting the murder of George Floyd, but say the defendants rejected them.
Sentence, state trial loom for ex-cops in Floyd's killing
Read full article: Sentence, state trial loom for ex-cops in Floyd's killingThree former Minneapolis police officers convicted of violating George Floyd’s civil rights now face federal sentences that one expert says could range from less than five years in prison to as much as the 25 years prosecutors are seeking for Derek Chauvin.
For 3 more officers at Floyd killing, jury says: Guilty
Read full article: For 3 more officers at Floyd killing, jury says: GuiltyThe three Minneapolis police officers alongside Derek Chauvin at the scene of George Floyd’s killing offered a variety of reasons why they weren’t to blame, including experience, bad training and the supposed threat of angry bystanders.
Jury ends 1st day, no verdict for 3 cops in Floyd killing
Read full article: Jury ends 1st day, no verdict for 3 cops in Floyd killingJurors at the federal trial of three fired Minneapolis police officers charged with violating George Floyd’s civil rights went home Wednesday without reaching a verdict.
EXPLAINER: `Willfulness' key to 2nd trial over Floyd killing
Read full article: EXPLAINER: `Willfulness' key to 2nd trial over Floyd killingThe concept of willfulness will be key to a verdict at the federal trial of three police officers accused of violating George Floyd’s rights almost two years ago as Officer Derek Chauvin pressed his knee into the Black man’s neck.
EXPLAINER: Federal charges against 3 cops in Floyd killing
Read full article: EXPLAINER: Federal charges against 3 cops in Floyd killingThree former officers who were with Derek Chauvin as he pressed his knee into George Floyd's neck are on trial on federal charges they violated the Black man’s civil rights.
Prosecutor: 3 cops in Floyd killing 'chose to do nothing'
Read full article: Prosecutor: 3 cops in Floyd killing 'chose to do nothing'A prosecutor says three former Minneapolis police officers charged with violating George Floyd’s civil rights “chose to do nothing” as Officer Derek Chauvin squeezed the life out of Floyd.
Defense rests in federal trial in George Floyd's killing
Read full article: Defense rests in federal trial in George Floyd's killingThe defense attorney for the third former Minneapolis officer charged with violating George Floyd’s civil rights as Derek Chauvin pressed his knee into Floyd’s neck rested his case Monday.
Officer charged in Floyd killing says he deferred to Chauvin
Read full article: Officer charged in Floyd killing says he deferred to ChauvinA former Minneapolis police officer charged in George Floyd’s killing has testified that he deferred to Derek Chauvin because he was his senior officer and that’s what he had been trained to do.
Prosecutors question officer in Floyd killing about training
Read full article: Prosecutors question officer in Floyd killing about trainingA former Minneapolis police officer charged in George Floyd’s killing testified that he didn’t act on another officer’s suggestion to roll Floyd on his side after he stopped breathing, didn’t ask Officer Derek Chauvin to check for a neck pulse and didn’t try to get Chauvin off Floyd’s neck.
Officer says he assumed fellow cops were caring for Floyd
Read full article: Officer says he assumed fellow cops were caring for FloydA former Minneapolis police officer charged in George Floyd’s killing says he was relying on his fellow officers to care for Floyd’s medical needs as he controlled onlookers as police tried to arrest the Black man.
In 2nd Floyd killing trial, judge seeks speed, not emotion
Read full article: In 2nd Floyd killing trial, judge seeks speed, not emotionThe judge handling the second trial in the killing of George Floyd is putting a premium on speed — and making clear that he doesn't want the trial to turn on emotion.
Lieutenant: Officers should have intervened in Floyd killing
Read full article: Lieutenant: Officers should have intervened in Floyd killingThe head of the Minneapolis Police Department’s homicide unit says three former officers on trial for violating George Floyd’s civil rights should have intervened to stop fellow Officer Derek Chauvin when he had his knee on the Black man’s neck.
Toxicologist testifies that drugs did not kill George Floyd
Read full article: Toxicologist testifies that drugs did not kill George FloydA toxicologist has testified that it wasn't drug use, heart disease, nor an agitated state known as “excited delirium” that caused George Floyd’s death after he was pinned to the pavement by Minneapolis police.
Police medical trainer faults officers in Floyd's killing
Read full article: Police medical trainer faults officers in Floyd's killingA Minneapolis police officer who oversaw medical training for two of the three former officers charged with violating George Floyd’s civil rights testified Tuesday that the officers failed to follow their training to do everything they could to prevent his death.
Trial of 3 cops in Floyd killing delayed by COVID diagnosis
Read full article: Trial of 3 cops in Floyd killing delayed by COVID diagnosisThe federal trial of three former Minneapolis police officers charged with violating George Floyd’s rights was abruptly suspended after one of the defendants tested positive for COVID-19.
Medical examiner: No pressure on Floyd autopsy report
Read full article: Medical examiner: No pressure on Floyd autopsy reportDefense attorneys at the trial of three former Minneapolis police officer charged with violating George Floyd's rights questioned the chief medical examiner who ruled George Floyd's death a homicide.
Attorneys for 3 cops in Floyd killing question training
Read full article: Attorneys for 3 cops in Floyd killing question trainingDefense attorneys at the trial of three former Minneapolis police officers charged with violating George Floyd’s civil rights raised questions Monday about department training and a culture they say teaches new officers to not question their superiors.
Defense: 3 officers at Floyd killing not trained adequately
Read full article: Defense: 3 officers at Floyd killing not trained adequatelyAn attorney for one of the three former Minneapolis police officers on trial for allegedly violating George Floyd's civil rights says the police department didn't adequately train new officers on certain policies and taught them to obey their superiors.
Witness: 3 officers at Floyd killing had duty to intervene
Read full article: Witness: 3 officers at Floyd killing had duty to interveneThe head of the Minneapolis Police Department's training division at the time of George Floyd's killing has testified that three officers on trial for allegedly violating Floyd's civil rights would have been trained to use the least amount of force necessary.
EXPLAINER: 'Excited delirium' and George Floyd
Read full article: EXPLAINER: 'Excited delirium' and George FloydThe issue of whether George Floyd was suffering from the disputed condition of “excited delirium” the day he was killed has resurfaced at the federal trial of three former Minneapolis police officers charged with depriving him of his civil rights.
Firefighter says she urged officers to let her help Floyd
Read full article: Firefighter says she urged officers to let her help FloydA Minneapolis firefighter testifying at the federal trial of three former Minneapolis police officers says they ignored her pleas to help administer medical aid to George Floyd as the unresponsive Black man was pinned to the ground.
Witness at officers' trial says he believed Floyd would die
Read full article: Witness at officers' trial says he believed Floyd would dieA bystander who says he feared George Floyd would die under the knee of Derek Chauvin wept Tuesday at the federal trial of three former Minneapolis police officers charged with violating Floyd's civil rights.
EXPLAINER: Who are 3 officers on trial in Floyd's killing?
Read full article: EXPLAINER: Who are 3 officers on trial in Floyd's killing?Three former Minneapolis officers who face federal civil rights charges in the killing of George Floyd aren’t as familiar to most people as Derek Chauvin, a fellow officer who was convicted of murder last spring.
Defense: Chauvin called ‘all of the shots’ when Floyd killed
Read full article: Defense: Chauvin called ‘all of the shots’ when Floyd killedProsecutors in the trial of three former Minneapolis police officers charged with violating George Floyd’s civil rights accused the men of standing by as fellow Officer Derek Chauvin “slowly killed George Floyd right in front of them.”.
EXPLAINER: Will Chauvin testify at trial of 3 other cops?
Read full article: EXPLAINER: Will Chauvin testify at trial of 3 other cops?As the federal trial for three former Minneapolis officers charged with violating George Floyd’s civil rights is set to begin Monday, some wonder whether Derek Chauvin will take the stand.
Open hearing sought on trial evidence in Floyd's killing
Read full article: Open hearing sought on trial evidence in Floyd's killingProsecutors in the trial of three former Minneapolis police officers on civil rights charges in George Floyd’s killing are asking the judge to open at least parts of a hearing on the admissibility of some evidence.
Access again an issue at federal trial in Floyd's killing
Read full article: Access again an issue at federal trial in Floyd's killingA closed hearing in the federal trial of three former Minneapolis police officers in George Floyd’s killing was canceled Friday after prosecutors and the media objected.
Who are the 3 officers on trial in George Floyd's killing?
Read full article: Who are the 3 officers on trial in George Floyd's killing?Three former Minneapolis officers who face federal civil rights charges in the killing of George Floyd aren’t as familiar to most people as Derek Chauvin, a fellow officer who was convicted of murder last spring.
EXPLAINER: The federal charges against 3 cops in Floyd death
Read full article: EXPLAINER: The federal charges against 3 cops in Floyd deathThree former officers who were with Derek Chauvin during the arrest that led to George Floyd’s death face federal trial this week on charges they violated the Black man’s civil rights.
Who are the 3 officers on trial in George Floyd's death?
Read full article: Who are the 3 officers on trial in George Floyd's death?Three former Minneapolis officers headed to a federal trial on civil rights charges this week in the death of George Floyd aren’t as familiar to most people as Derek Chauvin, a fellow officer who was convicted of murder last spring.
3 cops face complex federal trial in George Floyd's death
Read full article: 3 cops face complex federal trial in George Floyd's deathThe federal trial for three former Minneapolis police officers who were with Derek Chauvin when he pinned George Floyd to the street is expected to be complex as prosecutors try to prove each officer willingly violated the Black man’s constitutional rights.
Judge in federal trial in Floyd death urges quick proceeding
Read full article: Judge in federal trial in Floyd death urges quick proceedingThe judge handling the federal trial for three former Minneapolis police officers charged with violating George Floyd’s civil rights is urging attorneys to “move the case along” to reduce chances that the proceeding will be disrupted by COVID-19.
EXPLAINER: New charge unlikely for ex-cops in Floyd death
Read full article: EXPLAINER: New charge unlikely for ex-cops in Floyd deathThe Minnesota Supreme Court’s decision to overturn the third-degree murder conviction of a former Minneapolis police officer won’t change the cases against the three former officers charged in George Floyd’s death.
Chauvin pleads not guilty to violating teen's civil rights
Read full article: Chauvin pleads not guilty to violating teen's civil rightsThe former Minneapolis police officer convicted of murder in George Floyd's death has pleaded not guilty to violating a teenager's civil rights in a separate case that involved a restraint similar to the one used on Floyd.
3 ex-officers ask to block streaming of trial in Floyd death
Read full article: 3 ex-officers ask to block streaming of trial in Floyd deathAttorneys for three former Minneapolis police officers charged in George Floyd's death asked a judge Thursday to bar their upcoming trial from being livestreamed, saying some witnesses won’t testify if proceedings are broadcast.
Ex-cops charged in Floyd death want separation from Chauvin
Read full article: Ex-cops charged in Floyd death want separation from ChauvinThree former Minneapolis police officers charged with violating George Floyd’s civil rights are asking that their federal trials be separated from the trial of Derek Chauvin, who has already been convicted on state murder charges.
Chauvin makes appearance on federal charges in Floyd's death
Read full article: Chauvin makes appearance on federal charges in Floyd's deathThe former Minneapolis police officer convicted of murder in last year’s death of George Floyd has made an initial appearance in federal court for allegedly violating Floyd's civil rights.
Appeals court hears case of 3 ex-cops charged in Floyd death
Read full article: Appeals court hears case of 3 ex-cops charged in Floyd deathAttorneys for the state and for three former Minneapolis police officers charged in George Floyd's death have appeared before the Minnesota Court of Appeals as prosecutors sought to add an additional charge to the case.
4 ex-cops indicted on US civil rights charges in Floyd death
Read full article: 4 ex-cops indicted on US civil rights charges in Floyd deathA federal grand jury has indicted the four former Minneapolis police officers involved in George Floyd’s arrest and death, accusing them of willfully violating the Black man’s constitutional rights as he was restrained face-down on the pavement and gasping for air.
For 3 ex-cops, will blaming Chauvin for Floyd's death work?
Read full article: For 3 ex-cops, will blaming Chauvin for Floyd's death work?With Derek Chauvin convicted of murder in George Floyd’s death, activists and the Floyd family are turning their attention to this summer's trial for the other three officers involved in his May 2020 arrest.
EXPLAINER: Why 'excited delirium' came up at Chauvin trial?
Read full article: EXPLAINER: Why 'excited delirium' came up at Chauvin trial?The attorney for the former Minneapolis police officer accused of murder and manslaughter in George Floyd’s death outlined the disputed concept of excited delirium at trial.
Floyd's girlfriend recalls their struggles with addiction
Read full article: Floyd's girlfriend recalls their struggles with addictionGeorge Floyd’s girlfriend has tearfully told a jury the story of how they met -- at a Salvation Army shelter where he was a security guard with “this great, deep Southern voice, raspy” -- and how they both struggled mightily with an addiction to opioids.
Key events since George Floyd's arrest and death
Read full article: Key events since George Floyd's arrest and deathAs the trial approaches for Chauvin, who is charged with murder in Floyd's death, prosecutors are putting the time Chauvin's knee was on Floyd's neck at about nine minutes. Officer Derek Chauvin uses his knee to pin Floyd's neck for about nine minutes while bystanders shout at him to stop. AdMay 31 — Walz says Attorney General Keith Ellison will lead prosecutions in Floyd's death. AdFeb. 12 — City leaders say George Floyd Square, the intersection blocked by barricades since Floyd's death, will reopen to traffic after Chauvin's trial. ___Find AP’s full coverage of the death of George Floyd: https://apnews.com/hub/death-of-george-floyd
EXPLAINER: How is officer's duty relevant to Floyd case?
Read full article: EXPLAINER: How is officer's duty relevant to Floyd case?Weren’t Derek Chauvin and other officers “duty bound to deal with the arrestee as they find them?” Cahill asked. That duty could be key at the trial that starts with opening statements Monday, especially as the defense asserts that Floyd's swallowing of pills contributed to his death. The Minneapolis Police Department sought to train its officers to minimize violence in the years before Floyd died. Floyd's death indicates the 2016 reforms in Minneapolis didn't work, he said. The officers get Floyd to the ground and hold him there.
Key events since George Floyd's arrest and death
Read full article: Key events since George Floyd's arrest and deathAs the trial approaches for Chauvin, who is charged with murder in Floyd's death, prosecutors are putting the time Chauvin's knee was on Floyd's neck at about nine minutes. Officer Derek Chauvin uses his knee to pin Floyd's neck for about nine minutes while bystanders shout at him to stop. AdMay 31 — Walz says Attorney General Keith Ellison will lead prosecutions in Floyd's death and the nationwide protests continue. Feb. 12 — City leaders say George Floyd Square, the intersection blocked by barricades since Floyd's death, will reopen to traffic after Chauvin's trial. ___Find AP’s full coverage of the death of George Floyd: https://apnews.com/hub/death-of-george-floyd
Prosecutors: Officer was on Floyd's neck for about 9 minutes
Read full article: Prosecutors: Officer was on Floyd's neck for about 9 minutesAs the trial approaches for Chauvin, who is charged with murder in Floyd's death, prosecutors are putting the time Chauvin's knee was on Floyd's neck at about nine minutes. The fact that the figure has evolved probably won't matter at Chauvin’s trial, which begins Monday with jury selection. He had been handcuffed and was pleading that he couldn't breathe, but Chauvin kept his knee on Floyd's neck even after he stopped moving and speaking. The narrative in the initial complaint filed May 29 by the Hennepin County Attorney’s Office says Chauvin held his knee to Floyd’s neck for 8 minutes, 46 seconds. This means Chauvin had his knee on Floyd’s neck for at least nine minutes flat, but possibly for as long as 9 minutes, 31 seconds.
Federal grand jury hearing evidence in death of George Floyd
Read full article: Federal grand jury hearing evidence in death of George FloydThe New York Times first reported that a grand jury was hearing testimony against Chauvin. Floyd’s death sparked protests in Minneapolis and beyond and led to a nationwide reckoning on race. Like Chauvin, all three were fired soon after Floyd’s death. It’s unclear what specifically prompted the increased grand jury activity in the last few weeks, though most federal grand juries are discharged after about 18 months. Barr rejected the deal in part because he felt it was too soon as the investigation into Floyd’s death was still in its relative infancy, the officials said.
Officer with knee to George Floyd's neck to be tried alone
Read full article: Officer with knee to George Floyd's neck to be tried aloneChauvin, who held his knee to the neck of George Floyd for several minutes, will be tried separately from three other former officers accused in his death, according to scheduling orders filed Tuesday, Jan. 12, 2021. (Hennepin County Sheriff's Office via AP, File)MINNEAPOLIS – A former Minneapolis police officer who held his knee to George Floyd's neck for minutes will be tried separately from the three other former officers accused in his death, according to an order filed Tuesday that cites limited courtroom space due to COVID-19 restrictions. Derek Chauvin will stand trial alone in March while the other three former officers will be tried together in the summer. Former officers Lane, Tou Thao and J. Alexander Kueng are each charged with aiding and abetting second-degree murder and aiding and abetting second-degree manslaughter. Defense attorneys had argued last year that the officers should be tried separately, but prosecutors argued against it.
Delay sought in ex-officers' trial over George Floyd's death
Read full article: Delay sought in ex-officers' trial over George Floyd's deathProsecutors in the case against the four Minneapolis police officers charged in the death of George Floyd requested that the trial delayed by three months. Prosecutors cited the COVID-19 pandemic and the amount of time needed before enough people are vaccinated and health risks are sufficiently diminished. (Hennepin County Sheriff's Office via AP)MINNEAPOLIS – Prosecutors in the case against the four Minneapolis officers charged in the death of George Floyd requested that the trial delayed by three months. Chauvin’s attorney, Eric Nelson, said he doesn't intend to object to the prosecution seeking a delay in the trial. “The pandemic has been around for a while.”Thao’s lawyer, Robert Paule, did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Video allowed in trial of officers charged in Floyd killing
Read full article: Video allowed in trial of officers charged in Floyd killingJudge Peter Cahill said in his order Friday that he would allow video coverage due to immense global interest in the case and limited courthouse space, the Star Tribune reported. Cahill dismissed concerns by state prosecutors, who argued last month that recording audio and visuals of the trial would violate court rules and scare away potential witnesses. Floyd, a Black man in handcuffs, died May 25 after Derek Chauvin, who is white, pressed his knee against Floyd’s neck for several minutes even after Floyd said he couldn’t breathe. Chauvin faces second-degree unintentional murder and manslaughter charges. Lane, J. Kueng, Tou Thao and Thomas Lane are charged with aiding and abetting second-degree murder and manslaughter.
Judge rejects moving trial of ex-officers in Floyd's death
Read full article: Judge rejects moving trial of ex-officers in Floyd's deathMINNEAPOLIS – A judge on Thursday rejected defense requests to move the trial of four former Minneapolis police officers charged in George Floyd's death, and also ordered that all four will be tried together instead of separately. Hennepin County Judge Peter Cahill ruled after defense attorneys had argued that pretrial publicity had made it impossible for the four men to get a fair trial in Minneapolis. But Cahill said he was unpersuaded that moving the trial would improve security, and that he believes the jury can be protected from outside influences. Moving the trial away from Minneapolis to a less diverse area of the state also likely would affect the makeup of the jury, though the judge didn't address that issue. Floyd’s death sparked protests in Minneapolis and beyond, and led to a nationwide reckoning on race.